Target Audience Research: Business and Industry Water Users

Audience Description:

Business and industry water users are: managers and staff members who have control over services and processes that use water either directly or indirectly in a way which may change water supply or quality

Findings by Outreach Theme

Findings by Essential BEPs

Study-Specific BEPs

These study-specific Best Education Practices distill findings derived from the studies listed in the References below, which were identified using a meta-analysis technique.

Outreach Themes: BEPs are described by one or more of seven focus areas.

Outreach Themes

Research Recommendations

The Audience

Recognize that audiences are often already aware of important issues. Outreach materials should:

  • Emphasize a pollution-prevention practice.
  • Tell audience a little about how to prevent pollution.
  • Tell audience where they can obtain information about prevention.

Emphasize “place”, by creating a local Board for example, has potential for broad impacts on locally identified environmental problems.

Message content

Focus the content for outreach materials on cost savings, such as when and where pollution prevention is as cheap as or cheaper than traditional techniques. Include facts and figures.

Emphasize how easy it is to do the right thing and the impacts of not engaging in pollution prevention.

Stress benefits such as efficiency or better relations with government, for businesses not primarily concerned with public image.

Message delivery vehicle

Provide outreach through external relationships chosen by the business, such as suppliers, trade shows, other companies, and publications to which businesses subscribe.

Encourage businesses to take advantage of external relationships such as those offered by trade associations and courses.

Reduce emphasis on information from the government except for information about tax deductions and other incentives.

Generate ongoing environmental change by initiating and coordinating pollution prevention activities through regional networks or consortia.

Outreach strategy

Emphasize company commitment to pollution prevention activities and investment of adequate time and money. Self-assessment has produced measures of superior quality to those produced by quick-scan methods completed by a consultant. When companies invest more time in the pollution prevention project, the options produced are better tailored to the company and likely to have a more profound impact.

Be patient in your efforts to reach small businesses; small businesses are a difficult audience to reach – limited staff, busy schedules, financial constraints; many will not take the time to return phone calls that are considered non-essential and many do not read mailed solicitations.

For auto repair shops, provide a direct visit from an educator who provides an audit activity and information materials.

Provide staff training, and/or provide access to environmental experts for businesses not already engaged in pollution prevention activities. Aim to increase concern about liability.

Public participation

No research available

Supporting and motivating professionals

No research available

Evaluation

No research available

Linking Study-Specific BEPs to Essential BEPs

Essential BEPs provide an overview of Best Education Practices derived from education theory and other meta-analysis studies. This table shows which Essential BEPs are highlighted by research about business and industry water users as a target audience. The entire collection of Essential BEPs is available on the Water Outreach website.

Education for:

The learning experience:

The Individual

Presents a new behavior or skill by:

  • Demonstrating its similarity to a current behavior or skill
  • Demonstrating ease of adoption in terms of time, effort and money

The Class or Group

Is designed to focus on a targeted audience and is built on an understanding of audience skills and interests.

Incorporates methods for assessing the value of the experience, especially as it relates to desired outcomes.

Web-Based Learning

No relevant research findings

The Community

Evolves from work with a coalition or group.

Supports a person who takes responsibility for managing or leading the process.

Generates and makes use of data about the local condition.

Provides training to increase skills needed to accomplish goals identified by the group.

Is flexible in response to both process and conditions.

Builds effectiveness through linkages to other communities, partners, and resources.

Beyond the Community

No relevant research findings

Supporting References

Boiarsky, G., Long, M., & Zimmerman, D. E. (1999). Pollution-prevention information campaigns for small businesses: An audience analysis.The Journal of Environmental Education, 30(3), 29-36.

de Bruijn, T. J. N. M., & Hofman, P. S. (2000). Pollution prevention in small and medium-sized enterprises. Greener Management International, 30, 71-82.

Lowrie, K. W., & Greenberg, M. (1997). Promoting ground water pollution prevention in small businesses. Journal of the American Water Works Association, 33(1), 193-204.

McKenrick, L. L., Ii, K., Lawrence, B., Kaufmann, M., & Marshall, M. (2003). Helping the auto repair industry manage hazardous wastes: An education project in King County, Washington. Journal of Environmental Health, 66(4), 9-14.

Zipper, C. E., & Rockett, J. S. (1997). Locality-based programming: Virginia Tech’s Powell River Project. Journal of Extension, 35(6), 6.